And in that day the country that was more pious than all countries will become impious. No longer will it be full of temples, but it will be full of tombs. Neither will it be full of gods but it will be full of corpses. Egypt! Egypt will become like the fables. (Asclepius, the Nag Hammadi Papyri)

If the unconnected pictograph/dot is intentional, then it probably represents the great pyramid Cheops, also invisible on this side of the disk and revealed by connecting the 6 identical pyramid pictographs. (below) And suddenly we see not just geometrical designs but the Aegean world entire and the known universe - Crete, star Sirius, the 7 planets, the Great Pyramid, Thera (Santorini), the wave spiral of creation and the tsunami of destruction.

This disk image of star and planets, which before was two-dimensional, now gains the third dimension of height because of the relative reference point of the Great Pyramid. We are like Icarus flying above the maze looking down on it or like Horus flying with the winged disk. From a great distance our perspective shifts to Eye of Horus view of the Aegean world, and our new depth perception of the disk is enhanced by the spiral. With three dimensions suddenly in view, we are lacking only the representation of the fourth dimension of time, which is included on this artifact.

Here is the same pent/hept design with the star connected. It seems possible to me that both images are intentional to satisfy syncretism, one with an unconnected pictograph and one image with the pictograph connected, the idea being that the disk could convey more information if two pent/hept designs were used. One shows the location of the pyramid, the volcano, and the goddess in relation to the island of Crete, while the other demonstrates emphatically the idea that both the world and the tsunami are emanating from the goddess Rhea above, who is the star Sirius. From the perspective of the Minoan astronomer-priests, who were more personally acquainted with the tsunami than they were with the volcano and the ash, the wave of destruction that emanated from the goddess also mirrored her spiral of creation.

Crete is exactly where it should be in this world-view - right at the center of it. This is an extraordinary way of identifying the flower pictograph in the center of this side of the disk as the island of Crete, just beneath the center point in star Sirius. The disk shows a "Crete-centric" universe and thus identifies itself as a Minoan artifact and describes not Egypt but Crete as the "flower" of the Aegean world. This makes sense because of their theology. If not for the Minoans, the god Zeus would not have lived, would not have destroyed time and death (Kronos), would not have instituted the Immortals. Therefore, the Minoans were the chosen people of the great goddess, and this may even be the genesis of the concept of the "chosen people" as included in the Old Testament of the Bible. This theology, of course, has much older connections in Egypt and involves Isis, Osiris and the god Horus. How these ancient civilizations shared their theologies is demonstrated by this map of the trade routes during that time (below).

This map shows this correct east-southeast position and distance of the Great Pyramid (unconnected dot) in relation to the island of Crete (the flower at the center of the spiral, just below the center point in the star). Also in the correct position and distance on the disk is the location of Thera (red square and the center point in the star) in reference to the island of Crete.

In this respect the spiral represents the tsunami that spread from Thera as brought about by the goddess directly overhead. In the macrocosm (as above), the spiral represents the motion of creation of the goddess, but in the microcosm (so below), the spiral is the tsunami, the mirror image reversal of creation which is destruction. This idea is also demonstrated by the second pent/hept image (above, right) in which the volcano at Thera, the center pictograph/dot of the star, is created by the goddess and is causing the tsunami to emerge in waves from within her. Perhaps they understood that the goddess caused the volcano, and that the volcano in turn caused the tsunami. In their world, theology would have preceded science, unlike our world in which the reverse is more often true. (Left, Minoan vase with flowers at the center of wave spirals; Right, Minoan coin with 8-petaled flower at the center of the maze)

INSIDE THE PYRAMID

Connecting the 10 identical Golden Fleece signs (above) on Side 1 reveals another pyramid, at the bottom of which we see, not Theseus battling the Minotaur, but a view of the goddess (right) illumined by a door leading to the lower level. The Great Pyramid has an entrance leading to a subterranean chamber. The doorless shed in which the disk was found in Phaistos was entered through a trap door. Perhaps at one time, another such disk was left in the subterranean chamber of the Great Pyramid but since has been removed and lost, or perhaps it is still hidden there. (If anyone wants to go look for it, I'm down :)

This view of the goddess seems to support the idea that Minoans were at the pyramid to view the goddess, the big star. To find the pyramid twice on this disk, one an exterior view and the other an interior view, or to find two different pyramids on the disk, leads me to conclude that Daedalus and the Minoan astronomers had personal knowledge of the interior of the pyramid and that they viewed the stars from the interior as well as from the apex of the Great Pyramid, thus angering the goddess portrayed in this image.

Cheops has long been claimed as one of the most famous archaeoastronomical sites, and here we see a record of its use. This familiarity with the Great Pyramid might also indicate that Daedalus and the Minoan astronomers knew the pharaoh, which could have been any one of them from Khufu (Cheops) to Merneferre Ai.

The above disk image may also indicate that the Aegean world and the known universe and all it included -- the star Sirius, the 7 planets, the Great Pyramid, Crete, Thera, the volcano and tsunami -- was conceived of by them as existing inside a vast cosmic pyramid (right) that had its earthly counterpart in the Great Pyramid.

The astronomers most likely climbed Cheops to view the night sky from the top of the world's tallest building, which would not have helped nearly as much as having a telescope, but it does seem to be a good idea to go up there with your telescope. The Fleece (5) pictograph (the Argonauts in search of the Golden Fleece) at the apex of this pyramid would seem to indicate a view of the Constellation Argo from the pyramid. The boat (4) and oar (3) to the left of the fleece (or to the right, see above, apex of the pyramid) seem to confirm this, and to the right of the fleece (5) might be a Minyae (6), an oarsman of the Argo. To the left of the oar is a symbol that could be a telescope (2), and certainly looks like one, and to the left of that is the pyramid (1) pictograph. This exact series of identical pictographs in a line segment also occurs at the right base of the pyramid.

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)(6)

It is tempting, of course, to read these pictographs like a language, but given the four images that appear on crowded side 1 of the disk -- the cave, the two pyramids, and the big star -- we have to allow that the pictographs were placed in their respective places in order to produce these occulted images and were never a language. Linguists will eventually have to concede this, and even Sir Arthur Evans, early on, identified the Phaistos Disk signs as pictographs rather than script.

To view and be able to portray a perfect image of the constellation Argo on the Phaistos Disk (right), Daedalus could have made telescopes, and even binoculars (left), using rock crystals with optical quality for lenses. It seems likely that many of these pictographs on the Phaistos Disk represent the stars and constellations viewed through those lenses. The Archaeological Museum in Herakleion, Crete has many such lenses on display, several of them found in a sacred cave on Mt. Ida in Crete (3rd left).

In this cave, King Minos received his instructions directly from Zeus, according to mythology. Perhaps there was a secret cave cult having to do with astronomy. The hoodwink of a robe pictograph (third left) on the Phaistos Disk also resembles the entrance to a cave. The hoodwink might also symbolize rituals held inside the cave, where sacred knowledge was shared but kept secret.

The raised pictographs on the disk may be the "so below" counterpart to the "as above" constellations. The disk is only about 6.25" diameter, a little bigger than a CD, yet contains 240 pictographs (121 one side, 119 the other), made with 48 different stamps that must have been very small. To put 48 constellations on something this small might require that some of the pictographs that represent them be "abbreviated," which would make these pictographs, already difficult to define, even more challenging. For example, the entire constellation Taurus might be represented by the bull's foot on the disk (left) or all of Capricorn could be represented by the horn (left).

If the astronomer-priests used the disk(s) for teaching, then they only needed a small part of the constellation in order to identify it. A pictograph that made perfect sense to the Minoans and was immediately recognizable by them might make no sense to us at all. Furthermore, while the number of constellations, 48, remains the same, the Minoans may have drawn the constellations differently or the constellations may have evolved into something quite different over time. (Canis Major, right, revealed when the five identical Boat signs on side 2 are connected with lines.)

Constellation Taurus as it is seen on the Phaistos Disk (left) and the constellation as it is drawn today (right).

7. Constellation Taurus

Motion 6 Side A, 5 Side B

Connect these identical pictographs with lines to drawn Taurus constellation.

The fact of orientation links up with the fact that there early arose a close association between various gods and the sun and various fixed stars. Whatever mass of people outside were thinking, the priests of the temples were beginning to link the movements of those heavenly bodies with the power in the shrine. They were thinking about the gods they served and thinking new meanings into them. They were brooding upon the mystery of the stars. It was very natural for them to suppose that these shining bodies, so irregularly distributed and circling so solemnly and silently, must be charged with portents to mankind…This clear evidence of astronomical inquiry and of a development of astronomical ideas is the most obvious, but only the most obvious evidence of the very considerable intellectual activities that went on within the temple precincts in ancient times. Outside the temples the world was still a world of blankly illiterate and unspeculative human beings, living from day to day entirely for themselves. (H.G. Wells, The Outline of History)

Minoan Idea of Geometry as Constellations
Contained within Disk of the World Contained within Two Pyramids

According to the legend associated with the pyramid at Hawara in Egypt, Daedalus found it so a-maze-ing that he designed his famous Maze of Daedalus according to this pyramid design. The pyramid suceeded because of the new saddle vault that was used to stablize it. Did Daedalus design the vault? Is this what the vault sign shows, the current technology of stabilizing a pyramid?

Vault technology in the King's Chamber and Queen's Chamber inside Cheops pyramid.

The Minoans were renown commercial and residential architects and builders. Did they help build the Great Pyramid? If they did not help in the building of the pyramid, Daedalus certainly knew the location of the door was that leads to the subterranean level. (Y or Pi(?) sign, left, architecture inside Cheops pyramid, right)

Cheops is compared with Kephren's copycat pyramid (center) that lacks the "Pi" and vault technology. Inside Cheops at the bottom is an entrance to the underground level where a shaft extends deep below the pyramid. On the Phaistos Disk is an image that shows the location of this entrance to the lower shaft level, or perhaps Daedalus was just trying to portray the dimension of depth on the Phaistos Disk. This second pyramid (right) on the Phaistos Disk is revealed when the Golden Fleece signs are connected. This pyramid may be Kephren (or perhaps Mykerinos) and the first pyramid on the disk (above) may be Cheops.

This pictograph may be the primitive symbol for Pi, 3.1416, to describe the properties of a circle. The short line of the symbol is the radius (r) of a circle and the long line is the diameter (d). The ratio of the circumference of a circle (c) to its diameter (d=2r) is a constant number called Pi, which equals c divided by 2r+3.1416.

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